63 research outputs found

    Lithium Niobate Optical Waveguides and Microwaveguides

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    Lithium niobate has attracted much attention since the 1970s due to its capacity to modify the light by means of an electric control. In this chapter, we review the evolution of electro-optical (EO) lithium niobate waveguides throughout the years, from Ti-indiffused waveguides to photonic crystals. The race toward ever smaller EO components with ever-lower optical losses and power consumption has stimulated numerous studies, the challenge consisting of strongly confining the light while preserving low losses. We show how waveguides have evolved toward ridges or thin film-based microguides to increase the EO efficiency and reduce the driving voltage. In particular, a focus is made on an easy-to-implement technique using a circular precision saw to produce thin ridge waveguides or suspended membranes with low losses

    LiNbO3 ridge waveguides realized by precision dicing on silicon for high efficiency second harmonic generation

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    Nonlinear periodically poled ridge LiNbO3 waveguides have been fabricated on silicon substrates. Components are carved with only use of a precision dicing machine without need for grinding or polishing steps. They show efficient second harmonic generation at telecommunication wavelengths with normalized conversion reaching 204%/W in a 15 mm long device. Influence of geometrical non uniformities of waveguides due to fabrication process is asserted. Components characteristics are studied notably their robustness and tunability versus temperature.Comment: 10 pages, 10 figure

    Nouveau type d'oscillateur exploitant des transducteurs à domaines ferroélectriques alternés et des matériaux de guidage pour l'excitation d'ondes ultrasonores d'interface

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    This works consists of studying and fabricating waveguides resonators exploiting composite substrates with periodically poled ferroelectric materials capable of meeting the need of high-frequency sources for the concerned applications (radar detection). The idea consists of using a waveguide based on a Periodically Poled Transducer (PPT) realized on a ferroeclectric single-crystal substrate such as lithium niobate or tantalate inserted between two single-crystal substrates allowing the guidance of waves without losses. Several devices have been successfully fabricated. First of all PPTs on lithium niobate and tantalate have been fabricated with transducers of different periods allowing the excitation of elastic waves of 30 MHz to 1,3 GHz. Then an oscillator stabilized by a waveguide resonator operating at 131 MHz appeared with encouraging characteristics. A phase noise has then been measured at -165 dBc/Hz at 100 kHz from the carrier with an input power of 2 mW and a frequency stability of 109 (oscillator without temperature compensation and with a -50 ppm/K resonator temperature drift). Other resonators on waveguides exploiting thinned PPTs (around thirty microns) allowed the excitation of only one contribution with a thermal sensibility equal to the one of the guiding materials (-30 ppm/K for silicon). Finally a new system based on a periodically poled bridge is presented. It is characterized by its remarkable properties in particular the excitation of waves with phase velocity higher than 10000 m.s1 and presenting electromechanical coupling coefficients of more than 10 % able to answer applications of wide filtering for the mobile telephony.Ce mĂ©moire prĂ©sente l'Ă©tude et la fabrication de rĂ©sonateurs sur guide d'ondes exploitant des substrats composites Ă  base de matĂ©riau ferroĂ©lectrique polarisĂ© pĂ©riodiquement capables de rĂ©pondre aux besoins de sources hautes frĂ©quences dont les caractĂ©ristiques sont compatibles avec les applications concernĂ©es (dĂ©tection radar). L'idĂ©e consiste Ă  utiliser un guide d'ondes fondĂ© sur un Transducteur Ă  domaines ferroĂ©lectriques PolarisĂ©s PĂ©riodiquement (TPP) rĂ©alisĂ© sur un substrat ferroĂ©lectrique mono-cristallin tel que le niobate ou le tantalate de lithium, placĂ© entre deux substrats mono-cristallins permettant le guidage d'ondes sans pertes. Plusieurs dispositifs ont Ă©tĂ© fabriquĂ©s avec succĂšs. Tout d'abord, des TPPs de diffĂ©rentes pĂ©riodes (de 200 Ă  5 ÎŒm) ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©s permettant l'excitation d'ondes Ă©lastiques de 30 MHz Ă  1,3 GHz. Ensuite, un oscillateur Ă  131 MHz stabilisĂ© par un rĂ©sonateur sur guide d'ondes a vu le jour avec des caractĂ©ristiques encourageantes. En effet, un palier de bruit de phase a Ă©tĂ© mesurĂ© Ă  -165 dBc/Hz Ă  100 kHz de la porteuse avec une puissance en entrĂ©e du rĂ©sonateur de 2 mW et une stabilitĂ© de frĂ©quence court terme de 109 (oscillateur non thermostatĂ© avec une dĂ©rive en tempĂ©rature du rĂ©sonateur de -50 ppm/K). D'autres rĂ©sonateurs sur guide d'ondes exploitant des TPPs amincis Ă  une trentaine de microns ont permis de mettre en Ă©vidence l'excitation d'un mode pur spectralement avec une dĂ©rive thermique avoisinant celle des matĂ©riaux de guidage (soit -30 ppm/K avec du silicium). Enfin, un nouveau systĂšme fondĂ© sur des barreaux polarisĂ©s pĂ©riodiquement est prĂ©sentĂ©. Il se caractĂ©rise par ses propriĂ©tĂ©s remarquables et notamment avec l'excitation d'ondes Ă  vitesse de phase supĂ©rieure Ă  10000 m.s1 et prĂ©sentant des coefficients de couplage Ă©lectromĂ©canique de plus de 10%capable de rĂ©pondre Ă  des applications de filtrage large bande pour la tĂ©lĂ©phonie mobile

    Voltage-induced waveguides in lithium niobate films on silicon substrates

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    International audienceElectrically tunable channel waveguides have been fabricated by domain inversion of a LiNbO3 thin film bonded to a silicon wafer. The electro-optic effect is used to induce the waveguides and to alter its guiding properties. A low amplitude electric signal can tune the voltage-induced structure from an efficient waveguide to an antiguide giving a waveguide transmission that varies over more than 25 dB. The frequency response of the components is given

    Periodically Poled LiNbO3 transducer on (YXl)/128° cut for RF applications

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    International audiencePrevious studies have shown Periodically Poled Lithium Niobate structures on Z-cut LiNbO<sub&gt3</sub&gt could be used as acoustic transducers to generate acoustic waves. Investigations on Periodically Poled LiNbO<sub&gt3</sub&gt (YXl)/128° transducers have been conducted. Simulations have pointed out interesting electromechanical coupling from such transducers. Fabrication of Periodically Poled (YXl)/128° LiNbO<sub&gt3</sub&gt transducers bonded/thinned on Silicon is presented and confirm the possibilities of rotated cuts poling for new transducers

    Guides optiques accordables Ă©lectriquement

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    International audienceDes guides d'onde accordables Ă©lectriquement ont Ă©tĂ© fabriquĂ©s dans des films minces de LiNbO3 sur substrat de silicium par inversion de domaines. L'effet Ă©lectro-optique est exploitĂ© pour induire les guides et pour contrĂŽler leurs propriĂ©tĂ©s de guidage. Ainsi, une tension de quelques volts permet de faire apparaitre un guide efficace Ă  1.55ÎŒm ou au contraire de gĂ©nĂ©rer un anti-guide. La transmission des dispositifs fabriquĂ©s peut ainsi varier sur plus de 25dB. La rĂ©ponse en frĂ©quence des composants permet d’envisager des modulations rapides

    Quantum coincidence holography

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